Gate Research Institute: ETH tackles integer thresholds, MACD trend strategy achieves over 150%.

Abstract

• BTC is fluctuating at a high level with a solid structure, while ETH is steadily rising close to 4,000 USDT, showing relatively strong short-term performance. In terms of volatility, BTC is stable, while ETH is amplifying, reflecting an increase in market divergence.
• The long-short ratio and funding rate have fallen to a neutral and conservative range, with the position amount remaining high, and ETH leverage increasing more significantly.
• The overall liquidation structure is rational. On July 23, long positions liquidated reached 630 million dollars, serving to release momentum at high levels.
• The overall market continues to exhibit a structurally bullish pattern, with cautious capital participation but not deviating from the trend foundation, still having the potential for upward momentum.
• In terms of quantitative strategies, the MACD trend strategy has achieved over 150% returns in the SUI cryptocurrency, demonstrating good short-term trading potential.

Market Overview

In order to systematically present the funding behavior and changes in trading structure of the current cryptocurrency market, this report analyzes from five key dimensions: the price volatility of Bitcoin and Ethereum, the long-short ratio (LSR), the contract position amount, the funding rate, and market liquidation data. These five indicators cover price trends, funding sentiment, and risk status, and can comprehensively reflect the current market's trading intensity and structural characteristics. The following will sequentially analyze the latest changes in each indicator since July 15:

1. Analysis of Price Volatility of Bitcoin and Ethereum

According to CoinGecko data, during the period from July 15 to 28, the crypto market experienced high-level fluctuations and consolidation. Both BTC and ETH entered a consolidation range after breaking through their respective peak levels, with short-term momentum tending to flatten. However, the overall structure remains bullish.

In terms of BTC, after reaching a historical high of 123,000 USDT on July 14, it transitioned into a high-level fluctuation range, with the price repeatedly testing around 119,000 USDT. On the technical side, the short-term moving averages are in a sticky state with MA30, and although the MACD briefly formed a golden cross, the momentum bars have slowed down, indicating a lack of further volume breakthrough support. Trading volume has continued to decrease after reaching the peak, reflecting a decline in the market's willingness to chase prices. Nevertheless, the overall support level remains stable, with the range of 115,000–116,000 USDT showing significant buying support.

From a fundamental perspective, the Bitcoin ecosystem continues to expand, with annual on-chain transaction volume officially surpassing Visa, marking its payment attributes gradually gaining recognition in the global capital markets. At the same time, on-chain liquidity is tightening, and institutional holdings are continuously rising, reinforcing BTC's role as "digital gold" and a core collateral asset. Merlin Chain recently completed its 2.0 upgrade, aiming to enhance Bitcoin's yield-generating capability and cross-chain applications, introducing more practical use cases for BTC, which is expected to drive long-term value reassessment.

In terms of ETH, it has shown a relatively steady upward trend in the past two weeks. ETH started at around 3,550 USDT and has been gradually climbing along the short-term moving averages, approaching the 4,000 USDT mark on July 28, with a complete technical structure. The MACD continues to expand, and the moving averages are in a bullish arrangement, indicating that momentum remains stable. Although the trading volume has not seen explosive growth, the moderate increase in volume alongside the trend shows that market participation willingness is gradually rising.

In summary, since mid-July, the cryptocurrency market as a whole has entered a high-level consolidation period. BTC has fallen into a range-bound fluctuation after a surge, with momentum slowing down and trading volume continuously shrinking. However, the support below is solid, and positive fundamentals provide strong support for the medium to long-term trend. ETH has shown a stronger continuity trend, with a complete technical structure and steadily rising along the moving averages, while the participation of funds is gradually increasing, approaching the key level of 4,000 USDT. Overall, although the market lacks clear breakthrough momentum in the short term, mainstream assets still maintain a healthy upward structure. Coupled with accelerated ecological expansion and institutional allocation, the bullish trend foundation remains, and the market is expected to usher in a new round of momentum after consolidation.

Chart 1: BTC has been fluctuating at a high level over the past two weeks, being repeatedly hindered at 119,000 USDT, with momentum slowing down; ETH, on the other hand, is steadily rising close to 4,000 USDT, with short-term performance stronger than BTC, and market confidence is recovering.

In terms of volatility, BTC maintained a moderate fluctuation overall, only experiencing brief expansions on a few trading days, showing a relatively stable rhythm, indicating clear operating rhythm of the market's main capital with strong trend expectations. In contrast, ETH's volatility saw several significant spikes after mid-July, especially around July 16 and 25, where the amplitude quickly expanded, reflecting greater divergence in the market regarding its breakout direction, leading to active short-term testing and trading behavior.

Although both have not deviated from the historically low volatility range, the recent repeated increase in ETH's volatility indicates that its market sentiment is quite sensitive and easily driven by short-term news or capital, leading to amplified reactions. If the subsequent trading volume also increases, it cannot be ruled out that this will drive ETH to make a directional choice, and it is necessary to continuously monitor whether its price fluctuations will convert into a trending market.

Figure 2: BTC volatility remains overall stable, while ETH frequently amplifies in mid to late July, reflecting an intensification of short-term trading sentiment and directional divergence.

In the past two weeks, the cryptocurrency market has maintained a high-level consolidation pattern. BTC has lacked further momentum after reaching a historical high, entering a range consolidation phase, with both trading volume and volatility showing a converging trend. However, the bottom support remains stable, and the structure has not been damaged. ETH, on the other hand, has shown steady performance, rising along the moving averages and approaching 4,000 USDT, exhibiting relative strength. In terms of volatility, BTC's pace is steady; ETH's volatility has significantly increased, reflecting a divergence of funds and an escalation of probing sentiment. Overall, although short-term momentum in the market has slowed, the structure of mainstream assets remains healthy. The ecological development and capital participation continue to provide support for the market. If there is cooperation between volume and price in the future, a new round of trend selection is expected.

2. Analysis of Long-Short Ratio (LSR) of Bitcoin and Ethereum Trading Volume

The Long/Short Taker Size Ratio (LSR) is a key indicator that measures the trading volume of long and short orders in the market, typically used to assess market sentiment and trend strength. When the LSR is greater than 1, it indicates that the volume of active buying (long orders) is greater than that of active selling (short orders), suggesting that the market is more inclined towards going long and the sentiment is bullish.

According to Coinglass data, the long-short trading ratio (LSR) of BTC has overall fluctuated downward. Although the price remains in a high range, the long-short ratio has failed to sustain at a bullish level, repeatedly dipping below 1, and even falling below 0.90 by July 28. This reflects a weakening willingness to chase prices at high levels in the market, with short-term funds becoming more conservative. It shows that while the BTC structure remains strong, the market enthusiasm has somewhat receded. Overall, the decline in the long-short ratio after BTC reached new highs indicates a weakening of short-term optimistic sentiment in the market, with some funds choosing to gradually reduce positions or adopt a wait-and-see approach.

The ETH long-short ratio shows a decoupling from the price trend. Despite the price steadily rising since July 15 and approaching 4,000 USDT, the long-short ratio has gradually weakened since mid-July, maintaining around 0.95 and even briefly dropping below 0.90, indicating that market funds are operating relatively cautiously and there may be doubts about the sustainability of ETH's rise. The LSR has been at a bearish level for several consecutive days, reflecting a preference for speculative short positions among short-term funds. Although the market has risen, the sentiment has not strengthened in sync.

Overall, while BTC and ETH maintain high prices, both the long-short ratio has weakened, indicating an intensification of market sentiment divergence and a more cautious capital layout. In the short term, attention should be paid to whether the long-short ratio can rebound, as it serves as a leading signal for whether the price will continue its upward trend.

Figure 3: During the high-level fluctuations of BTC, the long-short ratio gradually declines, reflecting a weakening market willingness to chase prices.

Figure 4: The ETH long-short ratio remains in a bearish range, with relatively conservative capital participation attitude.

3. Analysis of Contract Holdings Amount

According to Coinglass data, the overall position amounts of BTC and ETH contracts remain high and fluctuate, indicating that after the market leveraged funds actively entered earlier, they have entered a wait-and-see or high-level speculative state in the short term. The position amount of BTC contracts has tested the range of 85 billion to 88 billion USD multiple times since mid-July. Although it has not significantly broken through, the overall level remains at a high point for nearly a month; the position amount of ETH contracts has continued to grow steadily, breaking through 50 billion USD in mid-July and still maintaining around 57 billion USD as of July 28, reaching a new high for the year.

It is worth noting that the growth rate of ETH contract holdings in mid to late July was significantly faster than that of BTC, reflecting a more positive market sentiment for leveraged bets on ETH's subsequent trends, which also echoes the trend of its spot price gradually rising and an increase in capital enthusiasm.

Overall, both BTC and ETH leveraged funds are actively operating at high levels, and the market's risk appetite remains in a repair trend. However, as prices and leverage levels are synchronized at relatively high levels, if market volatility intensifies in the future, it cannot be ruled out that there will be a phase of concentrated liquidation pressure. It is advisable to continuously monitor changes in open interest and the risk of liquidation to prevent a sudden shift in market sentiment.

Figure 5: The contract positions of BTC and ETH maintain a high level of fluctuation, indicating that the leverage funds remain strong, with ETH showing even faster growth.

4. Funding Rate

In the past two weeks, the funding rates for BTC and ETH have fluctuated slightly around the zero axis, indicating a stalemate in the market between bullish and bearish forces, with limited willingness among investors to chase prices and leveraged funds yet to enter on a large scale. While prices remain high, the funding rates have not shown significant increases, reflecting that this round of price rise is more driven by spot and low-leverage funds, resulting in a relatively stable market structure that helps avoid short-term bubble risks.

From the trend, the funding rate of ETH has briefly turned negative multiple times during this period, especially from July 24 to 26, when it dropped to nearly -0.015%. However, it quickly recovered, without triggering large-scale liquidations or price reversals, indicating good overall market resilience. It is worth noting that the funding rate of BTC fluctuates relatively less and has high stability, showing that institutions and stable funds still prefer to allocate to it; whereas the funding rate of ETH has slightly higher volatility, reflecting market divergence regarding its subsequent trend, with operations leaning more towards trading.

Overall, although the current liquidity situation has not provided significant support, it has also not posed substantial pressure. If the subsequent funding rates can stabilize to positive values and maintain at a high level, while also accompanied by an increase in trading volume, it will become an important signal for the acceleration of market upward movement, worthy of continuous attention.

Figure 6: The funding rates of BTC and ETH fluctuate around the zero axis, with a strong wait-and-see sentiment in the short-term funding, and leverage momentum has not yet expanded.

5. Cryptocurrency Contract Liquidation Chart

According to Coinglass data, the overall structure of liquidations in the cryptocurrency market contracts has maintained a balance of tension over the past two weeks, without any systemic crashes or concentrated liquidations. However, during the phase of fluctuations, there have still been local liquidation surges. On the long position side, there were two significant liquidation waves on July 18 and July 23, with the amount of liquidations on July 23 reaching as high as $630 million, marking the peak of this phase. This indicates that funds chasing highs encountered reverse liquidations during the consolidation period. Although there is still upward momentum in the market, the pace has clearly slowed down.

The short position liquidation is relatively mild, only showing concentrated stop-loss volume during the strong upward move on July 18, while maintaining a low level for the rest of the time, reflecting that short funds are operating more conservatively, and the attempts to "top out" have not triggered large-scale liquidations.

Overall, the current liquidation structure of contracts does not show systemic imbalance, indicating that the market maintains healthy capital flow and position tension during the consolidation process at high levels. Periodic liquidation of long positions helps to release short-term overheating sentiment and clean up floating chips, which in turn accumulates momentum for the subsequent market. If the subsequent volatility slows down and the frequency of liquidations decreases, it is expected to provide a more solid foundation for the trend to restart.

Figure 7: The amount of long positions liquidated on July 23 reached 630 million USD, indicating that the funds pursuing high prices are under pressure and retracing.

In the current context of structural bullishness and restrained capital flow, the basis for the continued rise of crypto assets remains, but after the market enters a high-level consolidation phase, short-term sentiment fluctuations have intensified, with both chasing the rise and shorting facing phase-specific risks. The market rhythm tends to diversify, and investors need to utilize more precise technical tools to grasp trading rhythms and risk control. Therefore, the upcoming content will focus on the MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) in quantitative technical indicators, exploring its practical effects in identifying trend reversals and capturing entry and exit signals during high-level fluctuations and wave rotations. We will center on the "MACD Trend Strategy," backtesting its performance under different cryptocurrencies and market structures, assessing the adaptability and stability of this strategy in following market trends, controlling drawdowns, and amplifying mid-term trend gains.

Quantitative Analysis - MACD Trend Strategy

（Disclaimer: All predictions in this article are based on historical data and market trend analysis, for reference only, and should not be regarded as investment advice or guarantees of future market trends. Investors should fully consider risks and make prudent decisions when engaging in related investments.）

1. Strategy Overview

This strategy is based on the MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) technical indicator, combined with momentum reversal signals and risk control mechanisms, to execute trend-following trading operations. A buy signal is triggered when the MACD indicator shows a golden cross (the MACD line crosses above the signal line), and risk is controlled through fixed take profit and stop loss methods, achieving disciplined entry and exit. This strategy is suitable for turning trend markets during oscillations, aiming to capture major upward wave segments.

This backtest uses the top ten cryptocurrency projects by market capitalization (excluding stablecoins) as the subjects, covering mainstream public chains and highly liquid assets. It tests the adaptability and practicality of the strategy under different currencies and market phases, verifying its feasibility and robustness in real-world deployment.

2. Core Parameter Settings

3. Strategy Logic and Operational Mechanism

Entry Conditions

• When there is no position, the MACD forms a golden cross (MACD breaks above the signal line), triggering a buy signal.

Entry Conditions:

• MACD Reversal: MACD Death Cross (MACD breaks down below the signal line), which indicates the emergence of a trend reversal signal and triggers a closing signal.
• Stop Loss: If the price falls back to the buying price * (1 - stop_loss_percent), a forced stop loss is triggered.
• Take Profit: If the price rises to the buying price * (1 + take_profit_percent), trigger take profit.

Practical Example Diagram

• Trading signal triggered The chart below shows the SUI/USDT 1-hour candlestick chart when the strategy triggered an entry on July 19, 2025. At this point, the MACD fast line has broken above the signal line from below, forming a standard golden cross signal, which meets the bullish accumulation condition of "strengthening momentum" in the strategy. Meanwhile, the price has risen above the short-term moving averages (MA5 and MA10), indicating a bullish short-term structure, and the short-term moving averages are showing an upward turning trend, further strengthening the entry confirmation. The trading volume during this period has increased, coupled with the MACD histogram turning from negative to positive, indicating a clear shift in momentum and reflecting a more positive market sentiment. As the price breaks away from the previous consolidation range, the strategy triggers a long position entry, setting a 1% fixed stop loss and a 15% fixed take profit, aiming to capture the subsequent upward trend. From the subsequent price action shown in the chart, it can be observed that this signal successfully positioned at the starting point of a phase of upward movement, validating the strategy's responsiveness and trading effectiveness at the initial stages of the trend.

Figure 8: SUI/USDT strategy entry position diagram (July 19, 2025)

• Trading actions and results SUI experienced a MACD death cross on July 21, 2025, prompting the program to trigger an exit signal and execute a closing operation. As shown in the chart, the MACD line has broken below the signal line from above, forming a typical signal of weakening trend, while the histogram converges, indicating that momentum is gradually decreasing. Although the price remains above the short-term moving average, the upward momentum has slowed down, and consecutive highs have not been effectively broken, reflecting a marginal weakening of market momentum. The trading volume has also not shown continuous expansion, indicating limited market willingness to chase higher prices. Against this backdrop, the strategy is based on the "MACD death cross" as a forward-looking signal of trend reversal, choosing to exit proactively before the upward momentum is exhausted, locking in part of the previous range's gains. This entry is part of the risk control mechanism for trend reversal in the strategy, which allows for timely exit based on momentum indicators before triggering stop-loss or take-profit, effectively avoiding potential pullbacks caused by subsequent high-level oscillations or trend reversals. In the future, if it can further combine trend strength or volume changes to assist in judgment, it is expected to enhance the accuracy of exit signals and the ability to maintain returns.

Figure 9: SUI/USDT Strategy Exit Position Diagram (July 21, 2025)

Through the above practical examples, we visually demonstrate the entry and exit logic and dynamic risk control mechanism of the trend strategy based on the MACD indicator during the evolution of the market. This strategy uses the MACD golden cross as a signal of strengthening momentum, decisively entering the market to follow the trend, and combines fixed take-profit and stop-loss settings to effectively manage trading risks; when the MACD death cross appears and momentum weakens, it exits the market in a timely manner to lock in the gains of the phase.

While controlling drawdowns, the strategy successfully avoided profit reversals that could arise from high-level fluctuations, demonstrating its defensive capability and trading discipline during trend exhaustion phases. This case not only verifies the feasibility and stability of the MACD strategy in real market conditions but also provides an empirical basis for subsequent strategy optimization combining trend strength judgment, volume-price matching, or multi-factor signals.

4. Practical Application Examples

Parameter Backtesting Settings To find the best parameter combination, we conduct a systematic grid search over the following range:

• macd_fast: 8 to 15 (step size of 2)
• macd_slow: 20 to 31 (step size of 2)
• macd_signal: 5 to 13 (step size of 2)
• stop_loss_percent: 1% to 2% (step size of 0.5%)
• take_profit_percent: 10% to 16% (step size of 5%)

Taking the top ten projects by cryptocurrency market capitalization (excluding stablecoins) as an example, this article backtested the 1-hour K-line data from May 2024 to July 2025, testing a total of 384 sets of parameter combinations and selecting the five groups with the best annualized return performance. The evaluation criteria include annualized return, Sharpe ratio, maximum drawdown, and ROMAD (return to maximum drawdown ratio) to comprehensively assess the strategy's stability and risk-adjusted performance in different market environments.

Figure 10: Performance Comparison Table of Five Optimal Strategies

Strategy Logic Description When the program detects that the MACD line breaks above the signal line (i.e., a golden cross occurs), it is considered a sign of strengthening market momentum and may indicate the beginning of an upward trend. The strategy will immediately trigger a buy operation. This logic aims to capture the key turning point at the beginning of a trend, using the MACD to determine the signal for bullish and bearish transitions, confirming that the market is likely to shift from sideways to a unidirectional trend. After entering the market, the system will implement a fixed take-profit and fixed stop-loss mechanism to strengthen risk control performance. If the price subsequently reaches the set take-profit target or falls below a certain percentage of the entry price, the system will automatically execute an exit operation, promptly locking in existing profits or controlling risk.

Taking SUI as an example, the settings used in this strategy are as follows:

• macd_fast= 12
• macd_slow= 30
• macd_signal= 11
• stop_loss_percent = 1%
• take_profit_percent = 15%

This logic combines price breakout signals with fixed ratio risk control rules, applicable to market environments with clear trends and distinct wave structures. It effectively controls drawdowns while following trends, enhancing trading stability and overall profit quality.

Performance and Results Analysis The backtesting period is from May 2024 to July 2025. The strategy is based on the MACD golden cross for entry and fixed take profit and stop loss logic, applied to the top ten mainstream crypto assets by market capitalization (excluding stablecoins). Overall, the strategy's cumulative return performance is better than the Buy and Hold strategy for BTC and ETH, demonstrating clear momentum tracking ability and effective risk control.

In the image, it can be seen that the SUI and TRX strategy return curves perform the most remarkable, with an overall upward trend, and cumulative returns exceeding 100%. They entered the market multiple times at the beginning of trend launches and successfully took profits, demonstrating good trend-following ability. Among them, the SUI strategy is the best performer in the long run, steadily climbing since October 2024, reaching a strategy peak in mid-2025, with cumulative returns ranking first among all cryptocurrencies.

In contrast, the Buy and Hold strategy showed significant volatility during the same period, especially as ETH experienced a peak drawdown of over 50%, exposing the risks of long-term holding in a high-volatility market. The MACD strategy, with its clearly defined entry and exit mechanisms, can exit in a timely manner during a volatile market and effectively defend during market corrections, achieving steady accumulation. Moreover, from the performance of DOGE and XRP, the strategy also demonstrates good adaptability in mid to high volatility coins, not only capturing upward waves but also effectively avoiding deep pullbacks.

In summary, the MACD golden cross strategy combined with fixed take-profit and stop-loss measures demonstrates good performance in terms of profitability, drawdown resistance, and applicability across multiple cryptocurrencies, possessing practical deployment value. In the future, it can be further optimized by integrating a dynamic profit-taking mechanism, changes in trading volume, or trend confirmation indicators to enhance the strategy's sensitivity to market changes and improve overall trading efficiency and profit quality.

Figure 11: Comparison of the cumulative returns over the past year between five sets of optimal parameter strategies and BTC, ETH holding strategies.

5. Trading Strategy Summary

This strategy is based on the MACD indicator to construct entry and exit logic, detecting golden cross signals to determine the timing of trend initiation, combined with fixed take-profit and stop-loss mechanisms, demonstrating robust risk control capabilities and sustained growth in returns across various mainstream crypto assets. During the backtesting period, this strategy successfully captured key turning points at the start of trends multiple times, showing good adaptability especially during market fluctuations or trend reversals, with overall performance significantly better than traditional Buy and Hold strategies.

From the multi-currency backtesting results, the SUI and TRX strategies performed the best, with cumulative returns exceeding 100%. Among them, the SUI strategy has the best long-term performance, with overall returns consistently at the top of all currencies. At the same time, this strategy effectively avoided the deep drawdown risks that assets like ETH may face during the holding period, further validating its stability and reliability in a live trading environment.

It is worth noting that although the win rate of most currency strategies in backtesting may not be higher than 50%, the strategies achieve continuous accumulation of returns through clear entry and exit disciplines and asymmetric profit and loss structures, while controlling losses and prolonging gains. This design highlights the importance and effectiveness of risk control systems and position management in low win rate environments.

Overall, the MACD trend strategy achieves a good balance between profitability, drawdown control, and capital utilization efficiency, making it particularly suitable for markets with medium to high volatility and unclear trends. In the future, it can further incorporate volume confirmation, moving average filtering, or multi-timeframe signal resonance mechanisms to improve signal accuracy, and expand into a multi-factor, multi-asset quantitative strategy framework, continuously enhancing the strategy's adaptability and scalability.

Summary

From July 15 to July 28, 2025, the cryptocurrency market overall maintained a structurally bullish pattern, with mainstream assets oscillating and consolidating at high levels. The technical structure and fundamentals remain relatively healthy. However, from the perspective of key indicators such as long-short ratio, funding rates, and liquidation structures, short-term market sentiment tends to be cautious, with a conservative pace of capital entry, and leverage momentum has not yet been fully released. Although BTC and ETH both remain at high operational levels, the tug-of-war between bulls and bears continues, and the market rhythm gradually shifts towards oscillatory games and tentative fluctuations.

The subsequent market trend will highly depend on the further evolution of the funding situation and trading structure, especially factors such as volume coordination, the rebound of funding rates, and the stability of positions, which may form catalytic conditions for trend continuation. If the price breaks out after consolidating at a high level, accompanied by a simultaneous strengthening of technical indicators, mainstream assets are expected to initiate a new round of upward cycles; conversely, if the consolidation period continues to drag on and market divergences increase, the possibility of a temporary pullback or turnover consolidation cannot be ruled out.

At the current key juncture where the structure is slightly bullish but divergences are increasing, short-term strategies should pay more attention to rhythm grasp and risk control, flexibly combining trend tools and position management to steadily seek certain opportunities in a complex market. In this context, trend-based strategies that enter based on MACD golden crosses and exit with fixed take-profit and stop-loss levels show good medium to short-term trading advantages. This strategy identifies market turning points through momentum indicators and strengthens risk control and execution discipline with clear entry and exit logic. Backtesting results show that the strategy performs remarkably well on mainstream cryptocurrencies like SUI and TRX, with cumulative returns exceeding 150% at the highest, and overall drawdown is well controlled.

Despite a generally low win rate of less than 50%, the asymmetric profit and loss structure combined with a strict stop-loss mechanism can still achieve stable positive returns, demonstrating its robustness in highly volatile markets. Overall, this MACD trend strategy achieves a good balance between return potential, drawdown resistance, and execution efficiency, possessing practical deployment value. In the future, if it can further integrate quantitative factors such as trading volume, trend strength, or multi-period resonance, and introduce more flexible risk control mechanisms, it is expected to continuously enhance its adaptability and scalability in complex market structures.
Reference Material:

1. CoinGecko, https://www.coingecko.com/
2. Gate, https://www.gate.com/trade/BTC_USDT
3. Gate, https://www.gate.com/trade/ETH_USDT
4. Coinglass, https://www.coinglass.com/LongShortRatio
5. Coinglass, https://www.coinglass.com/BitcoinOpenInterest?utm_source=chatgpt.com
6. Gate, https://www.gate.com/futures_market_info/BTC_USD/capital_rate_history
7. Gate, https://www.gate.com/futures/introduction/funding-rate-history?from=USDT-M\u0026contract=ETH_USDT
8. Coinglass, https://www.coinglass.com/pro/futures/Liquidations

Disclaimer Investing in the cryptocurrency market involves high risks. Users are advised to conduct independent research and fully understand the nature of the assets and products they purchase before making any investment decisions. Gate does not take any responsibility for any losses or damages resulting from such investment decisions.