New Breakthrough in Blockchain Technology: Sui Lutris Protocol

Blockchain technology has made significant progress since the birth of Bitcoin. With the emergence of new application scenarios such as games and NFTs, the blockchain community is constantly exploring ways to improve technical efficiency, especially in handling high loads and achieving real-time latency. L1 blockchains face two major challenges: first, achieving high throughput while maintaining low latency, and second, ensuring the long-term stability of the consensus protocol. In addressing these challenges, it is also necessary to maintain decentralization through the dynamic participation and reconfiguration of validating nodes.

One way to improve throughput is to use DAG-based consensus protocols, such as Narwhale/Bullshark. These protocols enable the Blockchain to handle a large number of transactions simultaneously, making them ideal for applications like gaming and NFTs. However, DAG-based protocols can result in delays of several seconds, which can be costly for regular transfers or gaming operations.

On the other hand, non-consensus protocols (such as FastPay) show great potential in reducing latency and scalability. These protocols eliminate the need for consensus, allowing for the fast processing of transactions without requiring a total ordering of independent transactions that are processed in parallel. However, they are only suitable for a limited range of simple Blockchain operations, which restricts the executable smart contracts, and the dynamic reconfiguration of the validator set can be challenging.

Despite the enormous potential of these methods, they have not yet been applied to production-level Blockchain, only published at academic conferences, and have not been widely adopted by the Blockchain community. The Sui Lutris protocol combines the advantages of DAG-based consensus and non-consensus methods, achieving sub-second latency and sustained throughput of thousands of transactions per second. At the same time, Sui retains the ability to execute complex contracts on shared objects, generate checkpoints, and reconfigure the validator set across periods.

Sui Lutris: An Innovative Hybrid Approach

Sui Lutris adopts a unique hybrid approach. For operations on assets owned by a single owner (owned objects), the system employs a consistent broadcasting protocol among validators to achieve sub-consensus latency. For complex smart contracts running on shared objects, Sui Lutris relies solely on consensus processing. Additionally, it supports network maintenance operations such as defining checkpoints and reconfiguring validators. This innovative strategy provides a solution that balances efficiency and security when processing transactions in a replicated Byzantine environment.

The Transaction Lifecycle of Sui Lutris

1. Users create and sign transactions to change the objects they own or mix objects.
2. The transaction is sent to the Sui Lutris validation node.
3. The verification node performs validity and security checks, signs, and returns to the client.
4. The client collects responses from most verification nodes to form a transaction certificate.
5. The certificate is sent back to all verification nodes for confirmation.
6. If it involves exclusive objects, the transaction certificate can be processed immediately (fast track).
7. All certificates are forwarded to the DAG-based consensus protocol.
8. The total order of consensus output certificates; validating nodes execute transactions that include shared objects.
9. The client collects the responses from the verification nodes and assembles the effect certificate as proof of transaction settlement.
10. Form checkpoints for each consensus submission to drive the reconfiguration protocol.

Additional Features of Sui Lutris

1. Checkpoint protocol: Generate the causal history of all transactions in the system for complete auditing and synchronization.
2. Support reconfiguration at the end of each period, allowing changes in the validator set and their voting rights.
3. Safely "unlock" erroneously locked assets at the end of the period, minimizing the impact of vulnerabilities.

Sui Lutris supports the Sui Blockchain and is designed for managing large amounts of user value. It provides security proofs with partially synchronous Byzantine participants in a standard distributed system model, bringing new breakthroughs and possibilities to blockchain technology.